The concertmaster leads the pre-concert tuning and handles musical aspects of orchestra management, such as determining the bowings for the violins or for all of the string section. In some U. The principal trombone is considered the leader of the low brass section, while the principal trumpet is generally considered the leader of the entire brass section.
While the oboe often provides the tuning note for the orchestra due to three-hundred-year-old convention , no principal is the leader of the woodwind section though in woodwind ensembles, often the flute is leader.
Instead, each principal confers with the others as equals in the case of musical differences of opinion. The horn, while technically a brass instrument, often acts in the role of both woodwind and brass.
Most sections also have an assistant principal or co-principal or associate principal , or in the case of the first violins, an assistant concertmaster, who often plays a tutti all together part in addition to replacing the principal in his or her absence.
Where a solo part is called for in a string section, the section leader invariably plays that part. The section leader or principal of a string section is also responsible for determining the bowings, often based on the bowings set out by the concertmaster. In some cases, the principal of a string section may use a slightly different bowing than the Concertmaster, to accommodate the requirements of playing their instrument e. Principals of a string section will also lead entrances for their section, typically by lifting the bow before the entrance, to ensure the section plays together.
Tutti wind and brass players generally play a unique but non-solo part. Section percussionists play parts assigned to them by the principal percussionist. A smaller-sized orchestra forty to fifty musicians or fewer is called a chamber orchestra. A full-size orchestra eighty to one hundred musicians or more may be called a symphony orchestra. And most major orchestras play for a season lasting only about nine- months a year. Longer distances, more rehearsals, more musicians, a big-name conductor — all these would increase your bill.
But basically, this is a bargain. Symphony orchestras in larger cities such as St. A full-scale orchestra playing a symphony includes at least 90 musicians, while a smaller orchestra playing a chamber piece ranges from 15 to Sections of the orchestra can perform separately? A Symphony Orchestra is defined as a large ensemble composed of wind, string, brass and percussion instruments and organized to perform classical music.
Wind instruments include flute, oboe, clarinet and bassoons. String instruments include harp, violin, viola, cello, and double bass. Percussion instruments include timpani, snare drum, bass drum, cymbals, triangle, celesta and piano. Brass instruments are made up of French horn, trumpet, trombone and tuba.
Orchestras which use fewer performers forty players or less are commonly known as chamber orchestras. A large orchestra more than forty players , is referred to as a symphony orchestra.
The actual number of musicians employed in a particular performance may vary according to the work being played and the size of the venue. Symphony Nova Scotia employs thirty-seven musicians on a full-time basis, and hires per-service musicians on a concert-by-concert basis, depending on the instrumentation required by a particular program.
So the basic size of Symphony Nova Scotia determines much of the programming you hear, with a primary focus on Baroque and Classical music. Performing repertoire from the 19th and 20th centuries typically means that extra musicians need to be hired. Bringing our audience a wide variety of programming within these parameters is a challenge we embrace!
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