The number of people 65 and older is expected to reach In addition, many surgeons are edging closer to retirement or contemplating cutting back. Cardiothoracic surgeon J. As is often the case for surgical specialties, complicated cardiothoracic procedures require the support of well-resourced hospitals, notes DiMaio.
But those institutions tend to be clustered in metropolitan regions. Urology is one surgical specialty being stretched thin. He notes that three of the six most common cancers in men — bladder, kidney, and prostate — are all urologic. Another shortage hitting rural areas hard is general surgery. Many routine surgeries performed in emergency departments, from abscess removals to appendectomies, are often handled by general surgeons, says Patrick Bailey, MD, medical director for the American College of Surgeons ACS.
And in rural hospitals — many of which have closed in recent years — general surgeons are vital. The orthopaedic tumor surgeon specializes in the management of benign and malignant tumors affecting the musculoskeletal system.
Options for treatment have expanded greatly in the past few years with the advent of chemotherapy and radiotherapy coupled with the excision of the tumor and replacement with preserved bone or joint specimens. American Board of Orthopaedic Surgery. American Association of Orthopaedic Surgeons. An otolaryngologist is a physician who has been trained to provide comprehensive medical and surgical care to patients who have diseases and disorders that affect the ears, the respiratory and upper alimentary systems, and related structures.
The otolaryngologist has a command of the core of knowledge, skills, and understanding of: the basic medical sciences relevant to the head and neck; the respiratory and upper alimentary systems; the communication sciences, including knowledge of audiology and speech-language pathology; the chemical senses; and allergy, endocrinology, and neurology as they related to the head and neck.
Head and neck oncology and facial plastic and reconstructive surgery are also fundamental areas of expertise for the otolaryngologist. American Board of Otolaryngology. Pediatric surgeons are primarily concerned with the diagnosis, preoperative, operative, and postoperative management of surgical problems in children, and they operate on children whose development ranges from the newborn stage through the teenage years.
Some medical conditions in newborns are not compatible with a good quality of life unless these problems are corrected surgically.
These conditions must be recognized immediately by neonatologists, pediatricians, and family physicians. Pediatric surgeons cooperate with all of the specialists involved in a child's medical care to determine whether surgery is the best option for the child. Pediatric surgery focuses on providing surgical care for all problems or conditions affecting children that require surgical intervention. They may also have particular expertise in the following areas of responsibility.
Pediatric surgeons have specialized knowledge in the surgical repair of birth defects, some of which may be life threatening to premature and full-term infants. In cooperation with radiologists, pediatric surgeons use ultrasound and other technologies during the fetal stage of a child's development to detect any abnormalities.
They can then plan corrective surgery and educate and get to know parents before their baby is born. In addition, prenatal diagnosis may lead to fetal surgery, which is a new forefront in the subspecialty of pediatric surgery. Application of most fetal surgical techniques is still in the experimental stage. Because trauma is the number one killer of children in the United States, pediatric surgeons are routinely faced with critical care situations involving traumatic injuries sustained by children that may or may not require surgical intervention.
Many pediatric surgeons are involved with accident prevention programs in their communities that are aimed at curbing traumatic injuries in children. Pediatric surgeons are involved in the diagnosis and surgical care of children with malignant tumors as well as those with benign growths.
American Pediatric Association-Surgery Section. American Pediatric Surgical Association. The specialty of plastic surgery deals with the repair, replacement, and reconstruction of defects of the form and function of the body covering and its underlying musculoskeletal system, with emphasis on the craniofacial structures, the oropharynx, the upper and lower limbs, the breast, and the external genitalia.
This surgical specialty also focuses on the aesthetic surgery of structures with undesirable form. Special knowledge and skill in the design and transfer of skin flaps, in the transplantation of tissues, and in the replantation of structures are vital to the performance of plastic surgery.
The plastic surgeon must also possess excellent skill in the performance of excisional surgery, in the management of complex wounds, and in the use of allopathic materials. Knowledge of surgical design, surgical diagnosis, surgical and artistic anatomy, surgical pathology, surgical oncology, surgical physiology, pharmacology, bacteriology, biomechanics, embryology, and surgical instrumentation are other fundamental areas of expertise within the specialty.
Furthermore, the judgment and technical capacity for achieving satisfactory results are mandatory qualities for the plastic surgeon.
This subspecialty focuses on the investigation, preservation, and restoration by medical, surgical, and rehabilitative means of all of the structures of the upper extremity that directly affect the form and function of the hand and wrist.
American Board of Plastic Surgery. American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons. A urologist is a physician who manages benign and malignant medical and surgical disorders of the adrenal gland and of the genitourinary system. Urologists have comprehensive knowledge of, and skills in, endoscopic, percutaneous, and open surgery of congenital and acquired conditions of the reproductive and urinary systems and their contiguous structures. American Urological Association.
Vascular surgeons care for patients with diseases that affect the arteries and veins throughout the body. Hardening of the arteries, atherosclerosis , is the most common problem that vascular surgeons treat. In addition, vascular surgeons are trained to diagnose and treat strokes, which can be brought on by a blockage or narrowing of the arteries in the neck.
Because the damage done by strokes is often irreversible, vascular surgeons must be able to make early diagnoses of potential stroke victims. The surgeon who treats the vascular system must also be able to diagnose and treat aneurysms and blood clots in the arteries and veins, as well as the after effects of conditions of the vascular system.
Vascular Surgical Societies. How many years of postgraduate training do surgical residents undergo? How do I select the best residency program for my specialty? What is the residency interview process like? Residency Interview Questions How do surgeons prepare for board certification?
What is the job description for surgeons? What kinds of loan repayment options are available? In fact, the number of general surgery resident positions and the number of residents who complete their training have been rising in the U.
But these increases have been insufficient to maintain the ideal number of surgeons for the population. If anything, the projected shortage is an underestimate, the authors say. Because most general surgeons practice in metropolitan areas, the impact of the shortage will be more keenly felt by rural communities, Ellison added.
0コメント