This choice of contraception is a highly personal one. For some women, the benefits of convenience may far outweigh any possible side effects. In the end, there is no right or wrong answer, though women who are at risk for diabetes may want to consider other methods.
Not everyone gains weight on Depo-Provera, and it's probably possible to reduce the chance you do by engaging in regular exercise and eating a quality diet. Dietary recommendations have changed considerably in recent years, and it can be difficult to know what's right to eat amidst the hype and fad diets.
That said, eating a diet that is rich in vegetables and fruits and with quality protein is key. Asking your healthcare provider for a referral to a knowledgeable nutritionist may be worth the time it takes. Study results vary, but most suggest that Depo-Provera is associated with weight gain that can increase over time.
While weight gain with oral contraceptives is due mainly to fluid retention, weight gain with Depo-Provera is due mainly to increases in visceral inner abdominal fat. It is known that estrogen deficiency —something that drugs like Depo-Provera induce—is associated with increases in visceral fat. In fact, some women lose weight on Depo-Provera. Generally, women who start Depo-Provera at an earlier age are more likely to gain weight.
The same applies to those who gain weight within the first six months of starting Depo-Provera. Diet and exercise can help, but they are not always enough to prevent the weight gain caused by Depo-Provera. Even so, eating a healthy diet with between 1, to 2, calories per day for a moderately active woman and doing greater than minutes of exercise per week can certainly help.
Switching from Depo-Provera to a non-hormonal form of birth control may partially reverse weight gains in some women. But once visceral fat has already accumulated, it will likely take a combination of diet and exercise to return you to your pre-treatment weight.
Sign up for our Health Tip of the Day newsletter, and receive daily tips that will help you live your healthiest life. Changes in body weight and blood pressure among women using Depo-Provera injection in Northwest Ethiopia. BMC Res Notes. Berenson AB, Rahman M. Changes in weight, total fat, percent body fat, and central-to-peripheral fat ratio associated with injectable and oral contraceptive use.
Am J Obstet Gynecol. Body weight and body composition of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users. Emerging cancer trends among young adults in the USA: Analysis of a population-based cancer registry. The Lancet Public Health. Body composition, resting energy expenditure and inflammatory markers: Impact in users of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate after 12 months follow-up. Archives of Endocrinology and Metabolism. Early weight gain predicting later weight gain among depot medroxyprogesterone acetate users.
Obstetrics and Gynecology. Exploratory study of the effect of lifestyle counselling on bone mineral density and body composition in users of the contraceptive depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate.
Dietary intake and weight gain among adolescents on depot medroxyprogesterone dcetate. Journal of Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology.
Get Permissions. Read the Issue. Sign Up Now. May 1, Issue. Clinical Question Do progestin-only contraceptives cause weight gain? Evidence-Based Answer There is little evidence that progestin-only contraceptives cause weight gain; in this review, mean weight gain was less than 2 kg 4.
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Earn up to 6 CME credits per issue. Purchase Access: See My Options close. Best Value! To see the full article, log in or purchase access. Author disclosure: No relevant financial affiliations. More in Pubmed Citation Related Articles. Paired t-test was used to evaluate change in body weight, BMI and blood pressure of Depo-Provera users.
Independent t-test was also used to compare the results of blood pressure of Depo-Provera users and their age-matched control group. A total of study participants 50 Depo-Provera users and 50 controls were included in the study. The mean age of Depo-Provera users was This study indicates that Depo-Provera caused a significant weight gain. Weight gain varies from 1 to 14 kg. Moreover, Depo-Provera users showed significant increase p-value The present study found no association between the variables, weight BMI and blood pressure among the Depo-Provera users Table 1.
The finding of this study demonstrated that Depo-Provera users had significant weight gain and increased BMI as compared to their respective pretreatment value. This is in agreement with a prospective cohort study performed on 97 Brazilian women, aimed to compare body weight and body composition in Depo-Provera and copper IUD users at baseline and after 1 year of use [ 11 ].
Another study, done to assess the association between progestin-only contraceptive use and changes in body weight, revealed that weight gain was greater in Depo-Provera group than in the group using a non-hormonal IUCD, which is in agreement with the findings of the present study [ 12 ].
Another similar study showed that the use of Depo-Provera was associated with weight gain compared to the copper IUCD [ 9 ]. They also suggested that only the black race was associated with significant weight gain.
The present study also supports the findings of other studies where the BMI of the Depo-Provera users was increased significantly than the control group and were in the overweight range [ 13 ]. Moreover, a recent study conducted to assess dietary intake and weight gain among adolescents on Depo-Provera, demonstrated that mean BMI increased significantly from While other studies indicated Depo-Provera users pose increased body weight in comparison to their controls, however, changes were not statistically significant [ 6 ].
It can also be due to practicing physical exercise following good counseling of study participants in the previous study. Increment of weight is a common phenomenon for women initiating hormonal contraceptives, especially Depo-Provera.
However, the existing literature does not provide a clear-cut picture of the mechanism of Depo-Provera-related weight gain. The previous authors tried to report the reasons why the use Depo-Provera can lead to weight increase.
Self-reported increase of appetite after 6 months of Depo-Provera use was investigated by Le et al. This supports Leiman who reported that the weight gain among Depo-Provera users was related to their higher appetite and subsequently higher dietary ingestion as a result of modifications of the hypothalamic appetite control center by Depo-Provera.
Contrary to the prior studies, the findings of Lange suggested that Depo-Provera associated weight gain cannot be explained by a simple, direct relationship to the increased food consumption [ 14 , 18 ]. Therefore, the role of appetite and dietary intake for Depo-Provera-associated weight gain remains to be clarified.
The result obtained from the present study indicates that the Depo-Provera does not have unfavorable effect on blood pressure.
This finding was similar with the findings of other studies [ 6 , 15 ]. This study needs to be extended on wider population so as to generalize the effects of Depo-Provera on the health of Ethiopian women and further studies required to elucidate the molecular mechanism, if any which contribute to the change in body weight among women using Depo-Provera. In conclusion, Depo-Provera users had significant weight gain and significant increase in BMI compared with their respective pretreatment value, although, these effects appeared to be independent of the duration of use of Depo-Provera.
Women taking Depo-Provera did not show significant change in MAP compared to controls or to their respective pretreatment value, which indicates that Depo-Provera use does not have unfavorable effects on blood pressure. The possible limitation of this study is the use of small sample size.
The other limitation lies in the fact that potential confounders like total daily caloric intake, physical activity and intake of cholesterol rich diets were not considered. In spite of the above limitation, this study tries to assess the possible association between Depo-Provera use and possible weight gain, which is a risk factor for different chronic diseases. So it gives insight for policy makers in considering this effect and to look for other possible solutions.
Determinants of modern contraceptive utilization among married women of reproductive age group in North Shoa Zone, Amhara Region, Ethiopia. J Reprod Health. Google Scholar. Central Statistical Agency.
Ethiopia mini demographic and health survey. The study design included repeated estimations of body fluid compartments total, extracellular and intravascular and of nitrogen metabolism, as well as anthropometric measurements. The mean weight remained constant in this group of women after one year of treatment.
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